Resumen: Este artículo propone el análisis de la novela Redoble por Rancas, de Manuel Scorza, desde la perspectiva desarrollada por Rodrigo García de la Sienra a partir de la teoría de Antonio Cornejo Polar sobre el concepto de “mímesis heterogénea”. Tras establecer el marco de estudio, se plantea cómo la novela de Scorza puede ser leída con esta nueva manera de entender la mímesis y su relación con la metáfora del cuerpo y la nación, para así establecer una hermenéutica más acorde a la representación de la sociedad indígena en el contexto de la literatura peruana.

Abstract: This article proposes the analysis of the novel Redoble por Rancas, by Manuel Scorza, under the perspective developed by Rodrigo García de la Sienra, from the theory of Antonio Cornejo Polar on the concept of “heterogeneous mimesis”. After establishing the framework of study, it is suggested how Scorza’s novel can be read with this new way of understanding mimesis, and its relationship with the metaphor of the body and the nation, to establish a hermeneutic more in line with the representation of indigenous society in the context of Peruvian literature.

Abstract: Pregnancy is a state that imposes a real challenge for the maternal cardiovascular system. There is a cardiac remodeling, which along with an increase in myocardial mass, in left ventricular size and decreased myocardial contractility aggravated by changes in pregnancy, can condition acute heart failure during the peripartum period. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is when the systolic function of the left ventricle and the symptoms of heart failure occur in the last month of pregnancy and in the five months after delivery with an incidence ranging from 1/1300 to 1/15,000 pregnancies. This paper reports the case of a 26-year-old female patient, who had a history of congenital cataract, with normal pregnancy and eutocic delivery; during the puerperium patient showed dyspnea, hypoperfusion data and pulmonary and cardiac ultrasonographic evaluation of peripartum dilated cardiomyopathy, being transferred at a third level, where despite intensive multidisciplinary treatment, the patient died. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an undervalued disease that has a high maternal and perinatal mortality; however, a timely detection can improve treatment and prognosis. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the importance of early detection of a poorly diagnosed entity, such as peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Resumen: El embarazo es un estado que impone un verdadero reto para el sistema cardiovascular materno. Existe remodelamiento cardiaco, que, junto con el incremento de la masa miocárdica y del tamaño del ventrículo izquierdo y la contractilidad miocárdica disminuida agravada por los cambios del embarazo, pueden condicionar insuficiencia cardiaca aguda durante el periodo periparto. Se considera miocardiopatía periparto cuando la función sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo y los síntomas de insuficiencia cardiaca ocurren en el último mes del embarazo y en los cinco meses posteriores al parto con incidencia de 1 por cada 1300 a 15,000 embarazos. Se comunica el caso de una paciente de 26 años, con antecedente de catarata congénita, que tuvo embarazo normoevolutivo, con parto eutócico, durante el puerperio tuvo disnea y datos de hipoperfusión, mediante evaluación ultrasonográfica pulmonar y cardiaca mostró datos de miocardiopatía dilatada periparto, fue trasladada a un hospital de tercer nivel, donde a pesar del tratamiento intensivo multidisciplinario, falleció. La miocardiopatía periparto es una enfermedad subvalorada con alta mortalidad materna y perinatal; sin embargo, la detección oportuna puede mejorar el tratamiento y el pronóstico. Con la comunicación de este caso, se pretende demostrar la importancia de la detección temprana de una afección poco diagnosticada, como es la miocardiopatía periparto.

We report the first formal record of the Aztec Thrush (Ridgwayia pinicola) for the state of Queretaro, Mexico, on an oak-pine forest west of the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve. This report is one of the few recordes in the Sierra Madre Oriental, all of which confirm that it is a resident species in the area but with a low abundance.

Reportamos el primer registro formal del mirlo pinto (Ridgwayia pinicola) para el estado de Querétaro, México, en un bosque de encino-pino al oeste de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda. Este reporte es uno de los pocos registrados en la Sierra Madre Oriental, los que en conjunto confirman que es una especie residente en esta zona, aunque con baja abundancia.

Not every day a competition to redesign a metropolis’s main axis is opened. The awarded entry for the New Alameda Providencia contest, organized by the Regional Metropolitan Government of Santiago, not only seeks to renew the most emblematic avenue in the Chilean capital, but also to transform it into an exceptional urban experience in which public space, rather than competing with the various transport systems, is the one that defines and reorders them.

No todos los días se abre un concurso para rediseñar el principal eje de una metrópolis. El proyecto ganador del concurso Nueva Alameda Providencia -organizado por el Gobierno Regional Metropolitano de Santiago- no sólo busca renovar la avenida más emblemática de la capital de Chile, sino también transformarla en una experiencia urbana excepcional donde el espacio público, en vez de competir con los distintos sistemas de transporte, sea el que los define y reordena.

We report for the first time nine bird species for the state of Querétaro, Mexico, five of them native (Cyrtonyx montezumae, Buteo lineatus, Phalaropus fulicarius, Falco mexicanus, and Icterus spurius) and four introduced (Streptopelia roseogrisea, Cyanoliseus patagonus, Amazona finschi, and Calocitta colliei). The checklist of the state avifauna was increased to 430 species, of which 418 are native and 12 introduced. We believe that the study of birds in western Querétaro, which corresponds to the Mexican Volcanic Belt, is near completion due to a major sampling effort done in the last years. These records increase to 271 the bird species known in this area.

Reportamos por primera vez nueve especies de aves para el estado de Querétaro, México, cinco de ellas nativas (Cyrtonyx montezumae, Buteo lineatus, Phalaropus fulicaríus, Falco mexicanus e Icterus spurius) y cuatro introducidas (Streptopelia roseogrisea, Cyanoliseus patagonus, Amazona finschi y Calocitta colliei). El inventario avifaunístico del estado incluye ahora 430 especies, de las cuales 418 son nativas y 12 introducidas. Consideramos que el estudio de la avifauna en la zona oeste de Querétaro, que corresponde a la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana, se ha venido completando en los últimos años con un importante esfuerzo de muestreo, por lo que con los presentes registros se conocen 271 especies de aves en ella.

Abstract The Anthurium is a plant genus belonging to the Araceae that comprises up to 800 species, which are native of an extensive tropical and subtropical area including several countries in America. Various species of Anthurium are grown and commercialized as potted plants, for landscaping or to produce flowers due to its great popularity as ornamental plants all over the world, from which the most popular is Anthurium andraeanum. Sexual reproduction of these plants faces several challenges including slow growth rates and the production of heterogeneous materials which represents a disadvantage for its massive production and commercialization. Therefore, in vitro micropropagation has become an option to overcome such disadvantages, so far partially successful micropropagation approaches of Anthurium species have been achieved by using various tissues as initial explants, including leafs, petioles, spadix, spathe, lateral buds, shoot meristems and somatic embryos, the former previously induced from differentiated tissue. However, up to date there is no report using zigotic embryos as a source tissue for massive propagation. In this study, we report calluses formation from immature embryos cultured in MS medium supplemented with a combination of 2 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The results show that the embryos are highly efficient as explants to induce callus formation in a fast and easy manner, giving on average 9 plants per callus and having a 90% of survival after acclimatization.

Resumen El género Anthurium incluye alrededor de 800 especies, las cuales son originarias de diversos países tropicales y subtropicales de América. Numerosos cultivos de estas especies de Anthurium son crecidos y comercializados debido a su gran popularidad como plantas ornamentales alrededor de todo el mundo, de las cuales la más popular es Anthurium andreanum. La reproducción sexual de estas plantas en invernaderos es difícil y toma mucho tiempo, lo cual representa una desventaja para su producción masiva y comercialización. La micropropagación in vitro ha emergido como una opción para sobrellevar dicha desventaja, hasta la fecha se han logrado avances parcialmente exitosos en la micropropagación en especies de Anthurium usando varios tejidos como explantes iniciales, incluyendo hojas, pecíolo, espádice, espata, brote lateral, meristemo apical y embriones somáticos, estos últimos previamente inducidos a partir de tejido diferenciado. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no hay reportes del uso de embriones cigóticos como tejido madre para la propagación masiva de estas plantas. En el presente estudio reportamos la formación de callos organogénicos a partir de embriones cigóticos inmaduros crecidos en medio MS suplementado con la combinación de 2 mg/l de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) y 0.5 mg/l de 6-benzilamino-purina (BAP). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los embriones en proceso de desarrollo son altamente eficientes como explantes de origen para inducir la formación de tejido calloso de una manera rápida y fácil, dando en promedio 9 brotes por callo y logrando una taza de sobrevivencia de las plantas del 90% en la fase de aclimatación.

Children, as minors, depend on the choices made by their parents on their behalf. In the vast majority of cases, parental decisions are beneficial to their children but regarding health issues, harmful determinations are often made. This may result in total harm of children, which may even result in the death of a child. Thus, the legal situation of children in Mexico is presented here and grants them the right to receive the most optimal treatments, even against their parents wishes. This premise is also upheld internationally.

Los niños, como menores de edad, dependen de las decisiones que sus padres toman por ellos. En la inmensa mayoría de los casos, las decisiones son benéficas para los infantes; sin embargo, con cierta frecuencia en el campo de la salud se toman determinaciones maleficentes, es decir, en total perjuicio de los hijos, que incluso pueden terminar en un desenlace fatal. Por ello, se presenta la situación jurídica de los niños en México, que dictamina el derecho a recibir los mejores tratamientos, aún en contra de la opinión de los padres. También esto se ha mencionado desde un panorama internacional.

Um raro defeito congênito do miocárdio, conhecido como hipertrabeculação/não-compactação do ventrículo esquerdo (HTVE/NCVE) tem sido ocasionalmente descrito em associação com a formação de trombos com um potencial risco embólico sistêmico, mas sua associação com derrames isquêmicos permanece controversa. Reportamos o caso de um derrame isquêmico em paciente com grave (HTVE/NCVE) e disfunção ventricular como uma possível associação sinérgica etiológica. Na ausência de outras fontes embólicas, uma grave HTVE/NCVE associada com disfunção ventricular poderia constituir uma fonte potencial de embolismo cerebral, especialmente em pacientes com alta suspeita de um mecanismo embólico de derrame sistêmico.

A rare congenital myocardial defect, known as left ventricular hypertrabeculation/non-compaction (LVHT), has been occasionally described associated with thrombus formation with a potential systemic embolic risk, but its association with ischemic strokes remains controversial. We report a case of ischemic stroke in a patient with severe LVHT and ventricular dysfunction as a possible etiologic synergistic association. In absence of other embolic sources, a severe LVTH associated with ventricular dysfunction could constitute a potential source of brain embolism, especially in patients with high suspicion of an embolic mechanism of ischemic stroke.

Background: Between 0.3 and 1.3% of coronary arteries, have anomalous origins. Circumflex artery has the higher frequency of anomalies. Aim: To study the frequency of congenital anomalous origins of coronary arteries among adult patients subjected to a coronary angiography. Material and Methods: Analysis of reports of 10,000 coronary angiographies performed in a clinical hospital. Patients with congenital heart disease were excluded. Results: One hundred twenty nine patients (1.3%), aged 59 ± 12years (70% males) had congenital anomalies in the origin of coronary arteries. The most common anomaly was the origin of right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus in 75%, followed from the origin of circumflex artery from the right side in 20%o. No association between origin anomalies and atherosclerosis or aortic valve disease, was observed. Conclusions: In this series of patients, origin anomalies of coronary arteries were not associated with aortic valve disease or atherosclerosis, differing from other published reports. Right coronary artery had the highest frequency of anomalies.

Background: There are guidelines about equipment, premises, personnel, indications and complications rates for coronary angiography, that every center performing this procedure should adhere. Aim: To report the experience with 5.000 coronary angiographies and to assess the compliance of the center with the current guidelines. Material and methods: Prospective registry of 5.000 patients aged 60±11 years (3.475 males) subjected to coronary angiography since 1992, assessing all aspects of the procedure with special emphasis on complications. Results: The indications for 80% of procedures was suspected coronary atherosclerosis. The main risk factors were hypertension and smoking. Coronary atherosclerosis was demonstrated in 62%, mainly one vessel disease. These were two deaths due to the procedure (0.04%), three patients (0.06%) had an acute myocardial infarction or a stroke. These figures are lower than referential values. Conclusions: In this center, coronary angiography is a safe procedure, with complications rates that are even lower than referential values

Congenital heart diseases (CHD) represent the third and sixth cause of death for children of less than a year and three years old respectively in Mexico. There is a very high degree of heterogeneity for CHD, having most of them multifactorial inheritance. CHD and neural tube defects (NTD) are the most common entities with this type of inheritance. It has been recognized that poor folic acid intake and the presence of C677Tpolymorphism on the MTHFR gene are both important environmental and genetic factors related to NTD development, through the rise of circulating blood homocysteine levels. Based on the close embryonic relationship at some processes between cardiac and neural tube development, it is thought that MTHFR enzyme could be actively involved on CHD development. Furthermore, different studies have demonstrated that there is a 24% risk reduction for CHD development when multivitamin intake schedule is followed even on the presence of C677T MTHFR polymorphism. At the same time, rises on homocysteine concentrations in mothers of patients affected by CHD, have been noticed in amniotic fluid as well as maternal plasma. Experimental Biology studies show that rises on homocysteine levels have a teratogenic effect producing NTD, CHD and some other malformative events. This paper, review how information regarding the possible relation between C677T MTHFR polymorphism, homocysteine levels and CHD development, in an attempt to establish possible preventive measures for CC through folic acid intake.

Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) en México son la tercera causa de muerte en niños menores de un año y la sexta en niños de tres años de edad. En su etiología las CC presentan una heterogeneidad genética, y en su mayoría son de herencia multifactorial. Se considera que las CC y los defectos de tubo neural (DTN) son las entidades más comunes de origen multifactorial. Se ha reconocido que la pobre ingesta de ácido fólico es uno de los factores ambientales que se relacionan con los DTN, así como la presencia del polimorfismo C677T de la enzima metiltetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR), lo que lleva a un aumento de la homocisteína en sangre. Dada la relación entre algunos procesos de desarrollo cardiaco y del tubo neural, se cree que la enzima MTHRF puede participar en la génesis de las CC. Al respecto, se han realizado estudios acerca de cómo la ingesta de multivitamínicos, disminuyen el riesgo de CC en 24% de los casos, asociada con polimorfismo C677T de la MTHFR en pacientes con CC y aumento de homocisteína en líquido amniótico y plasma en madres de los pacientes con CC. Estudios en biología experimental sustentan que el aumento en los niveles de homocisteína tiene un efecto teratógeno que provoca DTN y CC, entre otras malformaciones. El presente artículo revisa la información acerca de la posible relación entre el polimorfismo C677T, la homocisteína y el desarrollo de CC y plantea la posible prevención de las CC a través del control de la ingesta de ácido fólico.